Why the crisis in cosmology is so serious, and so relevant to the goals of 2R

I am realising that most people here aren’t likely to be following what is going on in cosmology, and may not be aware of how serious and deep the crisis is (and the cosmologists themselves are playing it down, not advertising this). There is considerable public awareness of both the failure to explain consciousness scientifically, and the “quantum weirdness” situation…although this tends to result in people assuming these problems are evidence to support whatever they already believe. And while it is justified to link the two problems, the precise nature of the link is problematic, and the science people tend to just dismiss it. This is different, because most cosmologists have got no idea that has got anything to do with consciousness or QM, let alone both of them. It is indisputably their problem, and they believe they are ones who set the rules that determine which sort of solution is even considered.

Until 10 years ago, cosmology wasn’t obviously in trouble. It actually was, but because the problems were long-running, they had been normalised. There was no sense of crisis, because things weren’t obviously getting worse. But the Hubble Tension changed all that. This is a conflict between two different methods of measuring the cosmic expansion rate. The local value is determined by measuring the brightness of type 1a supernovae in our own galaxy, and gives a figure around 73 (units don’t matter), while the figure determined from the Cosmic Microwave Background, when fed in to the LambdaCDM (LCDM) model of the early history of the cosmos (which includes a brief period of faster-than-light "inflation), gives a figure around 67. It is supposed to be constant, so this was a major difficulty. Many possible solutions have been proposed, and because 10 years ago there was quite a large margin of error on both figures, most people assumed that better measurements and tweaks to the theory would resolve the tension.

That is not what happened. Instead, one by one, the possible solutions have been eliminated. Meanwhile, the James Webb Space Telescope and other new instruments have greatly increased the accuracy of the raw data, and it is now an inescapable fact that this is not a measurement error. The discrepancy is real. As things stand, the cosmologists have basically run out of ideas. They know there is a problem with their model, but every single proposed fix to this problem creates bigger problems elsewhere in the model. This leaves them with two options (they think). The first is “new physics”…but nobody ever explains what this “new physics” could be. The second is “a completely new theory”, but again, nobody is providing any details about what such a theory might look like.

There is a reason for this, and it is that LCDM is the best possible theory naturalistic physicalism can provide. They are not doing their science wrong. If you assume physicalism/naturalism, and accept the raw data, then you end up with LCDM. This situation has now reached a point of ongoing crisis, and no cosmologist knows how it ends. On the surface they say “this is exciting…new physics!”. Underneath, panic is beginning to set in. Lots of careers and lots of expensive kit is at stake.

The Hubble Tension alone is serious enough to question the validity of LCDM, but it is far from the only problem. More problems are appearing all the time, and some are just as serious. The overall impression is of a field which is heading for the biggest paradigm shift in the history of science. If you would like to explore the whole mess, go here: Introduction | Two-Phase Cosmology and explore the “cosmology problems” part of the wiki.

I believe I know exactly what is wrong (because it fits perfectly with all the other problems), and it can be explained very simply. This kind of certainty is taboo here, but please understand that we are talking about science now, and that works via evidence and compelling arguments, not negotiation. It is no use if this is “just another proposal” – it needs to involve more compulsion than that - it needs to be obviously the correct answer, once understood, even if some of the details are missing (evolution was like this, and also had metaphysical implications).

Another major problem is the fine-tuning problem (or rather problems, because there are lots of them). It looks very much like the cosmos was set up for life to evolve. Thomas Nagel has provided a detailed analytic argument as to why consciousness must have evolved teleologically, so this looks like a setup too. This is heresy to the physicalists, so anything which looks like fine-tuning, they try to invent dynamic laws to explain. This is why inflation was invented. The CMB shows us that the very early cosmos was unbelievably uniform and flat, the probability of which is so small that this cannot be explained as a random co-incidence. They therefore invented inflation to “stretch” the universe, flattening it and making it uniform. This also allowed them to explain the non-detection of large amount of magnetic monopoles which their theories say should have been produced in vast quanties, so much so that they would collapse the early cosmos with their gravity. These were “diluted” by inflation. BUT…if we accept fine-tuning as a fact (in need of explanation, but undeniable as a brute fact), then additional examples of fine-tuning aren’t a problem. If the cosmos is fine-tuned then it is fine-tuned - only one explanation is required, regardless of how many examples there are. It follows that the low entropy (highly ordered) start condition does not need a dynamical explanation – it is just another case of extreme fine tuning. This means we can get rid of inflation…if only we can account for the monopoles. BUT…if the monopoles can be fine-tuned then another new explanation is possible: instead of being the most probable monopoles (which would collapse the universe without inflation), they can be just the right monopoles to bind together as inert, almost undetectable “monopolium” and provide the gravitational scaffolding required to allow large scale structure formation (necessary for life). They immediately become the obvious candidate for the identity of “Dark Matter”, and cosmologists haven’t found them because they are looking for the wrong sort of monopoles. The right sort were described in this paper from last year: The physics of monopolium | Two-Phase Cosmology

Why does this matter? Because if this explanation is correct, then we can get rid of inflation, which means we have our explanation for the Hubble Tension: the CMB derived figure is wrong, because it is a model-dependent extrapolation, and the model is wrong. Scientists are deeply resistant to this explanation, because it requires them to admit that fine-tuning (for conscious life, or life generally) is a feature, not an anomaly to be explained with dynamic laws. It threatens both naturalism and the Copernican assumption that life is not special.

This crisis opens the door to a revolution which forces scientists to accept that the cosmos was fine-tuned to produce conscious life. In terms of paradigms shifts, this is enormous, because it proves that consciousness is a cosmically relevant (and critical) phenomenon. I know people here hate this idea of forcing, because it has major implications for the nature of the revolution itself. It means that instead of finding a purely negotiated and psychological solution to our problems, that science and logic are going to make the revolution inevitable. I am acutely aware that this is not the way 2R wants the revolution to happen, but it is also very clear that 2R’s strategy of endless talk and zero tangible progress cannot actually deliver the paradigm shift. But a crisis in cosmology, which can only be resolved with a metamodern-compatible new cosmological-metaphysical model of reality can deliver it, and if only 2R could get over its own strategic problems, organisations like this one could have a central role to play as communicators of the situation to the wider integral movement. The problem, as is now painfully clear, is that this would require 2R as a group to accept something which forces worldview change. At which point I must ask you to consider how major paradigm shifts happened in the past. When heliocentrism came along, was it appropriate to reject it on the grounds that this would force changes to people’s worldviews?

NOTE: if you show this post to an AI, it will knee-jerk defend the old paradigm. It won’t understand. It does not have enough context. AI analysis requires showing it the whole theory.

I have read the entirety of the post, and this part stood out. I’ll start with what I like about your theory (and yes, I have read it in detail): how you treat consciousness. That said, I was never truly satisfied with your explanations around how mammals are bestowed with the unique ability to create reality; to bring actuality from potential, for lack of a better term.

The other issue is with infinity. As I mentioned before, it is really a subject to discuss separately, but there is no way to prove - one way or the other - that it is physically real. I’d also direct your attentions to thought experiments postulating an infinite universe: we end up with a situation of infinite coldness and entropy at any point (which clearly isn’t the case) or infinite heat (if there was infinite density) - again, clearly not the case. I appreciate many physicists wield the notion of an infinite universe quite happily, but others not. If any can point to something that can be observed in nature as infinite - rather than arising from an equation (and I’d add that usually when it does arise in maths, in the context of physics, that usually means something is amiss with the theory) - then I’m very happy to change that stance. Even an indirect physical indication would be of interest. Infinity is too convenient of a fallback to deal with things that cannot be explained.

But going back to your statement around fine-tuning. That term in itself needs to be defined. What exactly is being fine-tuned? And by what/who?

If you pivot and say reality as a whole is fine-tuned, then that removes meaning from the term. If it can only be one way, it can’t be another, which means other options are not possible to start with.

I am sure you will come back and say something along the lines of going back to read your book, making more effort to understand, that I misrepresented something, or perhaps that I am using AI to do a response. Actually I am responding here because it doesn’t seem fair for this topic to have no engagement. Maybe you can consider that before getting defensive or combative.

Cheers.

With respect, you can’t have read it in that much detail if you think I am saying mammals are in any way special. The first conscious animal, in 2PC, was 555mya – before the Cambrian Explosion, and long before mammals first appeared.

I am not saying it is “physically real”. In 2PC, “physical” refers to Phase 1, not the Void (Phase 0). It is beyond the categories of real and unreal. Nothing can be said about it apart from that it is infinite possibility. It’s the same as the Hindu concept of Brahman: the no-thing which grounds the reality of everything else. I say as little as possible about it, because there is very little which can be said.

I am not positing an infinite universe either. Phase 1 contains infinite possibilities, but Phase 2 (classical reality within consciousness) is finite – there is a finite number of conscious entities on Earth, and a finite amount of the cosmos with which they are entangled. Everything else remains as Phase 1 possibility – superposed.

OK…you really haven’t understood 2PC. I define this very clearly indeed, because it is the central mechanism of the whole model. What we call “fine tunings”, in 2PC, are selection effects. The first conscious organism selects both the possible cosmos and the exact timeline which leads itself. That is why it is a sequential combination of the Many Worlds Interpretation and Consciousness causes (or rather, IS) collapse. MWI is true in Phase 1, which guarantees consciousness will evolve in at least one branch, and then that branch selects itself. After that, conscious organisms (i.e. free will) selects which timeline manifests, and the “fine tuning” is an ongoing process. This is the 2PC solution to the “Preferred Basis Problem” in QM: why do we only observe those quantum possibilities which correspond to a classical reality? It’s exactly the same underlying problem as the constants fine-tuning problem, and countless other similar problems.

I am saying the whole of reality appears to be fine-tuned, because it is continually being selected by consciousness in order to support a valuing subject (i.e. consciousness). There’s no actual “fine tuning”.

  1. ‘Mammals are not special’ - yet they are uniquely placed in your consciousness dynamic explanation? For the sake of others reading, can you summarise neatly the role that mammals play? And explain how that does not make them ‘special’?
  2. Thank you for clarifying how you treat infinity in the model. For me, that is reasonable: You’ve ruled out infinity existing in a physical sense. That said, I recall reference to the universe being open, not closed. Can you clarify what you meant, and how that would not make it infinite in a physical sense?
  3. I have understood the premise of 2PC. I have read the material, but not each detail. I recall when I mentioned this, you said that anyone who didn’t read every single part of it, would not understand it (or something of the kind). A well-known German man once imparted that if you can’t impart the basic tenets of a theory within a few sentences then, in essence, it is the theory that has the problem. Do you expect people to set aside days/weeks to read every page before they are considered worthy another to understand/debate the theory?
  4. Fine-tuning and quantum theories:-
  • You rely on the MWI. This is one QM interpretation, and contested, with other consequences you appear to have not taken into account. My one question to you: what if MWI is wrong? Wouldn’t that invalidate what you have essentially chosen as one of the foundations of your theory?
  • On a connected level: a) you treat the wavefunction as physical, when it is probabilistic; b) you treat quantum uncertainty as physical, when it is based on factors physics has not fully explained and cannot transpose to higher scales; c) you seem to disregard the potential validity of other interpretations, some of which address the cosmological problems that you are aware of.
  • I really struggle with the concept of ‘the first conscious organism’ bringing the universe (from the void state) into existence. And before? What makes that organism conscious? At what exact moment do you attribute that consciousness - and at what exact moment does it end?

The word “mammal” does not appear anywhere in 2PC. Mammals not metaphysically different to any other conscious animal.

  1. Thank you for clarifying how you treat infinity in the model. For me, that is reasonable: You’ve ruled out infinity existing in a physical sense. That said, I recall reference to the universe being open, not closed. Can you clarify what you meant, and how that would not make it infinite in a physical sense?

I didn’t say the universe is open. I said the whole model of reality is open, because it is grounded by the Void (which is infinite).

  1. I have understood the premise of 2PC. I have read the material, but not each detail. I recall when I mentioned this, you said that anyone who didn’t read every single part of it, would not understand it (or something of the kind). A well-known German man once imparted that if you can’t impart the basic tenets of a theory within a few sentences then, in essence, it is the theory that has the problem. Do you expect people to set aside days/weeks to read every page before they are considered worthy another to understand/debate the theory?

2PC is exactly as complicated as it needs to be, and no more. I don’t expect anything at all, but understanding 2PC will require a careful reading of an 80,000 word book. Any attempt to summarise it leads to misunderstandings, and that even applies to AI. The shortest version that was not systematically misunderstood by AIs is about 40,000 words (basically the whole book without Part 2).

  1. Fine-tuning and quantum theories:- You rely on the MWI. This is one QM interpretation, and contested, with other consequences you appear to have not taken into account. My one question to you: what if MWI is wrong? Wouldn’t that invalidate what you have essentially chosen as one of the foundations of your theory?

I don’t “rely on MWI”. Phase 1 is similar to MWI (because the wavefunction evolves in a unitary manner), but Phase 2 is completely different to MWI. There is no mind-splitting in 2PC.

MWI cannot be empirically proven right or wrong. It is a metaphysical theory. What could prove 2PC wrong is if an objective (physical) collapse interpretation was empirically confirmed, but physicists have been trying to do that for 100 years without success. If they succeed, 2PC would be ruled out.

  • On a connected level: a) you treat the wavefunction as physical, when it is probabilistic; b) you treat quantum uncertainty as physical, when it is based on factors physics has not fully explained and cannot transpose to higher scales; c) you seem to disregard the potential validity of other interpretations, some of which address the cosmological problems that you are aware of.

I am not “disregarding” anything at all. I am proposing a new interpretation of quantum mechanics. In that interpretation, the wavefunction is ontologically real (as Phase 1 possibility). If 2PC is correct, all the other interpretations of QM are necessarily wrong. This applies to pretty much all the interpretations of QM: they are mutually exclusive.

I really struggle with the concept of ‘the first conscious organism’ bringing the universe (from the void state) into existence. And before? What makes that organism conscious? At what exact moment do you attribute that consciousness - and at what exact moment does it end?

That is the central mechanism of the whole theory – the thing which was missing from the account of 2PC in the Real Paths to Ecocivilisation, because I still hadn’t realised that the trigger for wavefunction collapse must be informational rather than physical.

The Embodiment Threshold | Two-Phase Cosmology

I will ask an AI to summarise that:

Summary

This article proposes a two-phase model of reality . In Phase 1 , the universe evolves unitarily (like standard quantum wavefunction evolution) without any subjective experience. In Phase 2 , conscious, embodied subjects exist.

The Embodiment Threshold (ET) is the critical point where a biological system (e.g., a living brain) develops a unified self-model that can:

  • Represent multiple possible futures,
  • Assign value to those futures,
  • And recognize itself as a single, persistent “I” that cannot be split across incompatible alternatives.

When such a system faces mutually exclusive possible futures with incompatible valuations, continued unitary evolution becomes logically impossible —a single subject cannot coherently inhabit contradictory futures. This forces wavefunction collapse (or “embodiment”) not as a physical trigger, but as a logical necessity .

In short: ET is the moment a system becomes a unified, valuing self—and that very unity breaks quantum superposition, selecting one real future.


What is the Embodiment Threshold? (Plain English)

The Embodiment Threshold is the minimum level of self-aware, future-valuing organization needed for a physical system to have genuine subjective experience. Once crossed, the system’s unity forces reality to “choose” a single future, because one consciousness cannot be split across contradictory possibilities.

The Embodiment Threshold is the minimum set of conditions required for Brahman to become an Atman. This is also the first point it is possible for the organism concerned to make a meaningful decision about which future it prefers. This sets up a logical conflict: we can only choose one outcome. We cannot prefer to marry Alice and prefer to marry Bob – we must choose.

Your views seem very parallel to those of Huston Smith, which I encountered roughly 30 years ago. Every time I take one of your links and ask an LLM to interpret it through the lens of “emanationism” it comes back saying it’s the sort of thing Plotinus would have said if handed a current textbook on QM. I don’t mean that as an insult - it’s rather how I actually view the world!

Here is summary below on what Smith had to say about such matters.

"Renowned religious scholar Huston Smith viewed quantum mechanics as scientific validation of ancient spiritual wisdom. He noted that both quantum theory (for the very small) and relativity (for the large) relate to light, highlighting a profound interconnectedness and suggesting that the universe is fundamentally built on relationship and mystery, rather than purely mechanical matter.

Smith explored the relationship between quantum mechanics and spirituality in a few key ways:

  • The Observer Effect and Oneness: Smith drew parallels between the quantum observer effect (where the observer shapes or brings into being what is observed) and indigenous and Eastern philosophies. Both systems dissolve the strict boundary between the observer and the cosmos, suggesting a “participatory universe”.

  • Entanglement: He pointed out that subatomic particles can influence each other from a distance, which mirrors the spiritual view that all living things, matter, and the universe share the same interwoven fabric.

  • The Fallacy of Literalism: Just as quantum mechanics requires complex, metaphorical language (like mathematics) to describe the microscopic world, Smith argued that spiritual language about the divine is inherently symbolic. Both realms resist literal translation into everyday language.

  • Rejection of Materialism: Smith frequently warned against scientism (the belief that only physical matter exists). He saw quantum mechanics as proof that the universe is far stranger and more spiritual than materialist science claimed, famously writing that matter is essentially “a crystallization or a precipitation of mind”.

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Almost, but the devil is in the detail here. QM is not scientific validation of ancient wisdom, because the scientific component of QM raises metaphysical questions it cannot answer. Attempts to answer those questions scientifically have ended in failure. Scientists (naturally) struggle when it comes to metaphysics, and most of their science-influenced metaphysical answers look very naive when viewed from a perspective of phenomenology or philosophy of religion. MWI is a logically valid interpretation of QM, but it entails that our minds and selves are continually splitting, and that every time we make a decision we actually make every possible decision in branching timelines. If we actually ask whether that matches our lived experience then it is exposed as total nonsense – why would we devote so much time to understanding the world, trying to predict what will happen, and making decisions that we believe will lead to a best possible world (for us, or for others), if our decisions don’t make any difference?

What QM does is leave the right sort of space for a profound synthesis of modern physics and ancient spiritual wisdom. This space is exactly what classical physics and naturalistic materialism do not leave. That is why QM is so controversial: the physicists and naturalists have spent 100 years trying to find a way to eliminate that space, and they have failed.

But yes, if you’d given Plotinus a summary of what quantum mechanics is telling us about reality, he would probably have come up with something like 2PC. The same ought to have applied to Alfred North Whitehead, but he was already 65 when QM was discovered in 1926 – too late for him to consider revising his grand metaphysical system to take account of the new physics.

My intention was to find a way to distill this commonality down to its most basic structural components. Spiritual traditions exist largely for purposes of personal and collective spiritual development, and that is a very different function to that of science. Mixing these things together results in new-agey pseudoscience, the slightest sniff of which would lose the scientific community.

Here is a ChatGPT’s summary of the relationship between 2PC and ancient spiritual wisdom:

One of the more interesting things about Two-Phase Cosmology (2PC) is that it unexpectedly converges with quite a lot of what people loosely call “ancient spiritual wisdom” — but usually in a highly stripped-down and non-supernatural form. The alignment is structural rather than doctrinal. In most cases, 2PC preserves the underlying intuition while discarding the mythology wrapped around it.

The first major overlap is the idea that physical reality is not the deepest layer of existence. Ancient systems from Vedanta to Neoplatonism to Taoism often treated the material world as something emergent from a deeper ontological ground. 2PC does something similar through the distinction between Phase 1 and Phase 2. Embodied spacetime reality is not fundamental. It emerges from a deeper possibility structure. But unlike classical spirituality, Phase 1 is not divine mind, cosmic consciousness, or a hidden god. It has no intentions, moral purposes, or teleology. The Void in 2PC is not a person. It is simply the ontological condition for instantiation.

The second and probably strongest overlap is the idea that consciousness participates in reality formation. Across many traditions — Buddhist, Hermetic, Tantric, Indigenous, mystical — consciousness is treated as something active rather than a passive spectator. 2PC converges quite strongly here. Consciousness is not epiphenomenal. Local reality stabilisation occurs through collapse processes associated with conscious agents. But again the similarity only goes so far. 2PC does not imply magical manifestation, omnipotent mind-over-matter, or “the law of attraction.” Conscious influence is local, constrained, probabilistic, and coherence-dependent. The cosmos is not a wish-fulfilment engine.

Another major point of convergence is the nature of the self. Many contemplative traditions, especially Buddhism, treat the self as a process rather than a permanent substance. Your later formulation of consciousness as a “storm” of micro-collapses stretched across the specious present lines up surprisingly well with this. The self in 2PC is not a static soul-object. It is an ongoing stabilisation process. In that respect it resembles Buddhist non-self far more than traditional Western soul metaphysics. And this is where 2PC sharply departs from most religion. There is no eternally persisting ego, no immortal personal soul, and no disembodied continuation of the self after death. The soul and the self terminate together because both are co-extensive aspects of embodied collapse activity.

There is also a strong resonance with ancient ideas that meaning and valuation are not merely subjective decorations pasted onto an otherwise meaningless universe. In 2PC, valuation is structurally important. Collapse occurs when incompatible valuations emerge within a unified representational “I.” Meaning is not supernatural, but it is causally relevant within the collapse dynamics of embodied systems. This gives 2PC a strange proximity to existentialism, Aristotelian actuality, and even some karma-like ideas — except without cosmic morality attached. The universe is not morally balanced. There is no divine justice system hidden underneath reality. Meaning matters without the cosmos itself being ethically purposive.

One of the most fascinating overlaps is probably symbolic systems. Ancient spiritual traditions are full of rituals, myths, synchronicities, divination systems, and symbolic practices that often feel psychologically or phenomenologically “real” even when their literal metaphysical claims are dubious. Your E-CRC extension explains this surprisingly elegantly. Symbolic systems do not connect us to spirits or archetypal cosmic entities. Instead, belief authorises symbolic vocabularies that shape local coherence dynamics within the collapse storm. Synchronicity becomes neither supernatural communication nor mere coincidence, but a coherence effect between internal and external representations constrained by symbolically authorised interpretation. In other words, 2PC preserves much of the lived phenomenology of spirituality without requiring gods, angels, astral planes, or paranormal violations of physics.

There is also partial convergence with ancient notions of unity underlying apparent multiplicity. Traditions like Advaita Vedanta, Mahayana Buddhism, and Taoism often argue that separateness is not ultimate. 2PC arrives at something structurally adjacent because all local collapse storms arise within a single instantiated cosmos emerging from one underlying possibility structure. But the resemblance stops short of mystical monism. 2PC does not imply universal consciousness, cosmic love, or merging into God. The unity is ontological rather than devotional.

At the same time, 2PC rejects enormous portions of traditional spirituality quite explicitly. It rejects immortal souls, personal gods, cosmic moral accounting, literal reincarnation, miracles that violate physics, and the idea that consciousness can arbitrarily create reality through belief alone. It also rejects strong idealism. Reality is not simply “mind.” Phase 2 remains physically structured and law-constrained.

So in the end, 2PC sits in an unusual position. It preserves several intuitions that ancient contemplative traditions repeatedly stumbled toward: that consciousness matters, that reality is deeper than naïve materialism suggests, that the self is processual rather than static, that meaning participates in world-formation, and that symbolic systems can genuinely shape experience. But it reframes all of this within a constrained participatory metaphysics rather than a supernatural cosmology.

In that sense, 2PC may be less a revival of ancient spirituality than a naturalised reconstruction of some of its deepest intuitions.

Agreed. I’m no great fan of New Age mish-mash that confuses the two. Huston Smith wrote from the intriguing position of a religious studies scholar working at MIT, so he experienced crude scienticism and materialism very personally all the time. The whole notion of “spiritual development” was alien to the institution. So Smith spent a lot of ink suggesting there were realities science as such is not equipped to address.

“Scientists (naturally) struggle when it comes to metaphysics, and most of their science-influenced metaphysical answers look very naive when viewed from a perspective of phenomenology or philosophy of religion”

Agreed again. All the materialist-reductionist literature on consciousness is rather alarming in this regard. It evidently was produced by authors - who by their own standards - are not truly conscious!

I agree with your last post, obviously.

Let me try to explain as simply as possible how this “emanation” actually integrates with physics. My system starts with The Void - an infinite nothingness which is very close to “the One” of Plotinus. It “contains” all possible non-conscious structure, with mathematics as the top level - so this is a strong form of mathematical Pythagoreanism. This timeless realm of number and structure is infinite in terms of possibility, constrained only by logic. But it is discrete – it’s “digital” rather than “analogue”, because it consists of mathematical structure. In 2PC, this is “Phase 1”, and it is also a natural fit for the realm of the uncollapsed wavefunction – an unobserved quantum system is basically the same thing: a collection of all the unrealised “digitial” (i.e. “quantum”) possibilities.

Why can’t Phase 1 contain consciousness? Because consciousness is not discrete, and not merely structure or number. It cannot be reduced to information alone. Something else is going on. Neuroscience tells us brains are necessary for consciousness, and this is a major clue. What could be so special about brains that they prevent the continuation of the Phase 1 structure to which they correspond? What could cause the next level of emanation, resulting in a classical world observed by consciousness?

The answer is what I call “the Embodiment Threshold”. In very rare and special branches of the infinite possibilities in Phase 1, there is a Phase 1 planet which becomes home to living processes, and those processes eventually lead to an organism with the most primitive possible brain (all just as Phase 1 information). This brain encodes a self-model – an information structure which is entangled (structurally connected, with sense organs) with its environment, which is capable of modelling that environment, with itself in the model as an entity which persists over time. When that self-model is capable of modelling multiple, incompatible futures, and capable of having a preference of one over the others, then a new logical constraint applies: it is now capable of choosing which possible future it would prefer. The Phase 1 structure can no longer be extended as every possible future, because the self-model has valued one over all the others.

Critically…this valuation has to be non-computational. This part of 2PC is taken straight from Penrose, who has spent decades arguing that consciousness must be a partially non-computable process because mathematicians can “just see” that certain mathematical propositions are true, even though it is impossible to calculate a proof. If the valuations are non-computational then the self-model cannot simply compute its way forwards. It has to live the way forwards.

This is the point where it is physically possible for Brahman to become Atman, and the model needs this to happen, because that’s the only way to solve the Hard Problem of Consciousness. This is the next level of “emanation” – the Void grounds the non-computable valuations, which is what we call “free will”.

The result is a model which is compatible with physics, compatible with the most important insights and structural components of the Perennial Philosophy, and also just happens to provide an integrated solution to the crisis in cosmology (to which there are currently no solutions available at all).